- skins
- hollyoaks
- eastenders
- inbetweeners
News:
- channel 4 news
- ITV
- BBC
Movies:
- kidulthood
- adulthood
- 4321
Magazines
- teen vogue
- sugar
Wednesday, 1 December 2010
Represenation of teenagers in the UK
TV programming:
Friday, 5 November 2010
In raising these questions, I am only at the beginning of figuring out what a more positive kind of post-feminist account of religion and family might look like, and so have no compelling summary to offer, let alone a call to a specific research agenda. In my own work, I do want to take some feminist insights for granted. But I explicitly reject the idea that strong feminist critiques have had their day and must now give way gracefully to approaches that favor a consensual and functional, or even communitarian, interpretation of the good society. I am feeling more combative, or at least constructively critical, about theories that neatly divide society into a “public” and a “private” realm, while systematically devaluing those feminine things (religion, family) assigned to the private (cf., Warner 1999). I am not sure where it will lead, but it feels right to begin pushing back the boundaries of post-feminism by asking a different set of questions.
Penny Edgell Becker
Feminism have had its erea
Feminism and post feminism have had its time
She is saying that post feminism has specific set of rules.
What the hell is postfeminism, anyway? I would think it would refer to a time when complete gender equality has been achieved. That hasn’t happened, of course, but we (especially young women) are supposed to think it has. Postfeminism, as a term, suggests that women have made plenty of progress because of feminism, but that feminism is now irrelevant and even undesirable because it has made millions of women unhappy, unfeminine, childless, lonely, and bitter, prompting them to fill their closets with combat boots and really bad India print skirts.
Susan J. Douglas
Women have not made progress and that post feminism is not gone anywhere
It says that nothing has been achieved
It’s about deeply held political convictions, not to mention strategy. If there’s a wad of people out there extolling postfeminism and meaning “I think feminism is flawed and I’d like to see some goal-shifting, fresh tactics, and revisiting of contentious topics,” this isn’t just an issue of what’s going on in a speech group that doesn’t overlap with mine. It’s about defending feminism’s ground. Feminism is already doing the work that these (as I have come to think of them) non-evil postfeminists think comes with their prefix. And it’s beyond obvious that feminism suffers from its terrible reputation and from the vast misunderstandings that stunning numbers of people still have about it (no matter how many times it happens, I will never, ever get used to being asked if I hate men). I can’t help but see even the non-evil usage of “postfeminism” as a rejection of and attack on feminism, and an implication that the movement is finished. And that means I need to challenge it at every turn.
Lisa
Post feminism is projected in a negative way along with label. There is a lot of cliché
I’ve come across the term used in the way Lurker describes, similarly, in academic circles, and for academic reasons I don’t think anyone should use it. The problem lies in the ambiguity of the prefix “post”, because post can mean since something commenced OR since something concluded. So, while technically a “post-feminist society” could mean a society since feminism began to be an influence, there will always be people who think you mean since feminism ended.
Orlando
Post feminism suggests that feminism has ended. It also suggests that feminism was presented straight after post feminism although it could have started 3 or 4 yrs after.
Ranking
Penny - 4
Susan - 3
Lisa - 1
Orlando - 2
I have chosen lisa as 1st because I think her idea of post feminisn is correct.
There is alot of people that think post feminism hasn't changed and there is also a lot of evidence which shows this
Penny Edgell Becker
Feminism have had its erea
Feminism and post feminism have had its time
She is saying that post feminism has specific set of rules.
What the hell is postfeminism, anyway? I would think it would refer to a time when complete gender equality has been achieved. That hasn’t happened, of course, but we (especially young women) are supposed to think it has. Postfeminism, as a term, suggests that women have made plenty of progress because of feminism, but that feminism is now irrelevant and even undesirable because it has made millions of women unhappy, unfeminine, childless, lonely, and bitter, prompting them to fill their closets with combat boots and really bad India print skirts.
Susan J. Douglas
Women have not made progress and that post feminism is not gone anywhere
It says that nothing has been achieved
It’s about deeply held political convictions, not to mention strategy. If there’s a wad of people out there extolling postfeminism and meaning “I think feminism is flawed and I’d like to see some goal-shifting, fresh tactics, and revisiting of contentious topics,” this isn’t just an issue of what’s going on in a speech group that doesn’t overlap with mine. It’s about defending feminism’s ground. Feminism is already doing the work that these (as I have come to think of them) non-evil postfeminists think comes with their prefix. And it’s beyond obvious that feminism suffers from its terrible reputation and from the vast misunderstandings that stunning numbers of people still have about it (no matter how many times it happens, I will never, ever get used to being asked if I hate men). I can’t help but see even the non-evil usage of “postfeminism” as a rejection of and attack on feminism, and an implication that the movement is finished. And that means I need to challenge it at every turn.
Lisa
Post feminism is projected in a negative way along with label. There is a lot of cliché
I’ve come across the term used in the way Lurker describes, similarly, in academic circles, and for academic reasons I don’t think anyone should use it. The problem lies in the ambiguity of the prefix “post”, because post can mean since something commenced OR since something concluded. So, while technically a “post-feminist society” could mean a society since feminism began to be an influence, there will always be people who think you mean since feminism ended.
Orlando
Post feminism suggests that feminism has ended. It also suggests that feminism was presented straight after post feminism although it could have started 3 or 4 yrs after.
Ranking
Penny - 4
Susan - 3
Lisa - 1
Orlando - 2
I have chosen lisa as 1st because I think her idea of post feminisn is correct.
There is alot of people that think post feminism hasn't changed and there is also a lot of evidence which shows this
What are the different representations of women in adverts and how are they signified?
The representation of women can be positive: challenging the roles and expectations of women or negative: reinforcing a patriarchal society. This essay questions how and why these representations are constructed in an advert for Gucci Guilty Perfume and Stella Artois beer.
Firstly the Gucci advert is in widescreen which connotes a dramatic cinematic experience to engage its audience. More attention is gained by the female character first seen in the text and her protagonist is signified through this. The protagonist has female dominance which is signified through the use of colour- everything is in black and white while her hair is gold/blonde. This colour connotes gold, power and divinity signifying her importance in the text.
The use of intertextuality in this text will appeal to a particular audience. The film references a great deal to the neo film noir Sin City, with the use of colour and the female dominant femme fatale character. Sin City appeals to a male audience due to the action genre, this trailer could also appeal to the same audience due to the intertextuality. In terms of the Uses and Gratifications theory, a female audience might realise and accept the protagonist in the text is a form of escapism and also a male gaze, by theorist Mulvey, and therefore might aspire, from Young and Rubicam's 4Cs, to be the object of male gaze too.
Though the protagonist is an object of male gaze, it could be suggested that she sexually objectifies herself to tease the audience. The protagonist puts her leg into the frame of the shot. As she puts into the frame, it signifies self objectification, allowing the audience to fetishise her body. Another shot, a high angle, of their sexual activities signifies CCTV and spying which is voyeuristic. The fact she is on top signifies her control of the situation for both the male character and the audience.
Not only does the protagonist exert her feminity through self objectification she also presents herself as an anarchic character signified by adopting male stereotypes. The advert begins with a long shot of an unknown character speeding down the motorway, which stereotypically would be expected to be a male character. However, the audience's expectations are challenged when a medium shot of the driver shows to be a female.
In contrast, women are negatively represented in the Stella Artois text. The most obvious editing technique used in the advert is the split screen: one side shows the female getting dressed and the other side is of the beer getting "prepared". This use of split screen signifies that neither the beer nor the woman know they have been placed side by side. This puts the audience in position of control as they can voyeur the woman, in a socially acceptable way. Audiences may identify this control as patriarchy, and also identify with the unknown male character whose presence is felt within the text. This text then reinforces the idea of a patriarchal society and that women are subordinated by men.
Not only does the female share the screen with the beer, but the screen is split equally between the two "objects" which connotes the woman is equally objectified to the status of beer. It is suggested the audience is male due to the female and beer subject. Though the advert is targeted at men, it also negatively stereotypes men as people who have little respect for women which however is a dominant representation.
A range of close up shots of the female are used to fetishise her body. There is a close up shot of the female's leg slowly and elegantly rising from the bath tub. On one hand this could signify femininity and her control over it which is the oppositional reading. However, the more dominant reading is that her legs are an important part of the female body and connotes a male audience who can voyeur her body.
The text near the beginning of the trailer says "the preparation" which is an enigma code as the audience question "what event is the preparation for?". It is signified through the shots that the woman and beer preparation is for the male through the use of action codes. Action codes of both the preparation of the woman and the glass of beer are the same.
Women are represented as people who prioritise their looks and appearance, and this ad reinforces this ideology. Action codes including close ups of her: brushing her hair, doing her make up and putting on heels strongly represent women as image conscious. It could be said that the advert reinforces this representation, which is always seen in the media. Funnily enough, it could also be said that the media itself is the cause of this representation as this ideal, perfect woman is always represented in the media, and women feel they have to aspire to it.
In conclusion, both texts females are the protagonists and are sexually objectified for male audiences to fetishise and vouyer their bodies. However, while Gucci’s advert’s protagonist controls her sexuality through self objectification, the Stella Artois’ protagonist is objectified by an unknown but present male character.
In the Gucci’s ad, there are many examples in the text that signify the protagonist’s female dominance, but it is arguable whether this could be seen as a positive representation. The dominant reading is that the protagonist exerts her female dominance over the male challenging the historical patriarchal society and even subordinating males as easily manipulated and easily tempted by women and sex and this would favour feminism. However the oppositional reading which would favour the ideologies of the Stella Artois advert, might be that females can control their sexuality, but it is still for the male gaze and male dominant society.
Tuesday, 12 October 2010
adverts
In this advert the women is seen picking up the product whilst spraying it on her own underarms at the start of the advert, as the main narrative revolves around the Nivea Calm and Care collection targeted at the female audience,the narrator advises that the skin is damaged during shaving. She there for introduces Nivea Calm and Care deodorant as soothing the skin and helping it recover from all the damage caused by shaving. She declares that not only it enhances your love life if you use this product but also that 77% of women feel sexier when their underarms look good. By using the fact that they have interviewed 2,550 women and 77% of those that it would also recommend it to others within the advert itself, it makes it seem more valuable and a realistic result.
The advert uses non diegetic sound of a guitar and a low tone of music to signify a more settled and comfortable mood as this is also shown through the females face, when she is shown to be play fighting and smiling away as this connotes happiness and 'Feeling Good'. The use of the female voiceover suggests that the product is effective, as it makes the skin wonderfully smooth and soft which makes women feel confident and attractive after using the product.
This product is marketed at its target audience (female audiences) under the 'strapline'
'Feel Closer' in a new brand for the company as it aims to emphasise and promotes a positive impact Nivea products have on female relationships by helping them to "feel good in their own skin" and make their skin feel smooth and huggable. This gives out a positive representation of the female and also the product at the same time.
The women is shown to apply the product on her self which connotes that she is the dominant sex who self objectifies herself in a positive way but also attracts the men in the advert and also the male audience therefore the men become the second audience. The kiss given by the male in the advert also indicated that he is shown her the love by kissing her much smoother and softer skin, as this reflects back to the purpose of the product.
2nd ad
In this ad the representation of women is positive although it challenges the roles of women in a negative way.This ad starts of with a big gucci bottel opening, this gives the effect of us going into the gucci world which shows the affect of UGC. The use of intertextuality in this text will appeal to a particular audience.
The advert begins with a long shot of an unknown character speeding down the motorway, which stereotypically would be expected to be a male character. However, the audience's expectations are challenged when a medium shot of the driver shows to be a female.The most obvious editing technique used in the advert is the split screen: one side shows the female getting dressed and the other side is of the beer getting "prepared". This use of split screen signifies that neither the beer nor the woman know they have been placed side by side and so this represents sexism.
Not only does the female share the screen with the beer, but the screen is split equally between the two "objects" which connotes the woman is equally objectified to the status of beer. This shows that females are just another object to males.
The text near the beginning of the trailer says "the preparation" which is an enigma code as the audience question "what event is the preparation for?".
Wednesday, 29 September 2010
Representation
The charcters representations are as follows:
Walter Neff is represented as flirty and shows that he likes Ms Dietrichson. This is shown a couple of times; when he goes to her house lookin for her husband and see's her half dressed and when he calls her 'baby' etc. Also it shows that that the lady in the text who is Phillis Dietrichson is in control of Walter Neff and this is shown when she says 'Suppose you let me off with a warning, officer'. She acts like he is the police and shes the culprit. It shows that he can not control her.
Phyllis Dietrichson is represented as sexually objectified and an object of male desire. This is shown because in the beggining of the text its shows how shes half dressed which connotes that its quite seductive. Shes comes across as weak and vulnerable 'he keeps me on a leash so tight I can'y breathe'. Also she is quite flirtacious and this is shown when she comes out to see Neff, she is half dressed and also metions it and her posture when she sits down on the chair. The colour of her clothes change from white to black and she wears low cut blouse which objectified when we see her feet and legs as she comes down the stairs.
Walter Neff is represented as flirty and shows that he likes Ms Dietrichson. This is shown a couple of times; when he goes to her house lookin for her husband and see's her half dressed and when he calls her 'baby' etc. Also it shows that that the lady in the text who is Phillis Dietrichson is in control of Walter Neff and this is shown when she says 'Suppose you let me off with a warning, officer'. She acts like he is the police and shes the culprit. It shows that he can not control her.
Phyllis Dietrichson is represented as sexually objectified and an object of male desire. This is shown because in the beggining of the text its shows how shes half dressed which connotes that its quite seductive. Shes comes across as weak and vulnerable 'he keeps me on a leash so tight I can'y breathe'. Also she is quite flirtacious and this is shown when she comes out to see Neff, she is half dressed and also metions it and her posture when she sits down on the chair. The colour of her clothes change from white to black and she wears low cut blouse which objectified when we see her feet and legs as she comes down the stairs.
Questions
The difference between sex and gender is that sex is biological and gender is socially constructed. This is because in western societies, males are expected to be active, competitive, domineering and authoritative. Women are expected to be passive, co-operative, submissive and caring.
Gender is a way of subordinating women because the mass media promote the ideology that women exist mostly for men to look at, as women are usually over sexualised. There is also an ideology of women having roles of being a housewives, this is seen in advertisements: such as, a women is cooking and she is positioned below the man this therefore suggests that women are alternative and men are dominant.
Gender can have a negative impact on men because the mass media promotes the ideology that men are portrayed to be active, competitive, domineering and authoritative. This therefore stresses men to act and look in a certain way and if they do not behave or look in how a stereotypical man should be than they are pointed at and are therefore not considered as a man.
Ashes to ashes is misogynistic and this is shown a lot of times for example, in the police station there are all males working and there is one female working and they treat her like a servant. Also the part where Gene Hunt sasy 'Blimey, if that skirt was hitched any higher I could see what you had for breakfast'. This shows that he thinks women are sex objects and this is implied frequently throughout the text.
Doghouse represent women in the first half of the film as dominant towards men, as they are treated as sexual objects this therefore encourages men to be portrayed as misogynistic. As Neil (Danny Dyer) is misogynistic in the film as he forgets the names of women he's slept with. This shows that the men treat women as sexual objects and that they are worth nothing- that they come and go. In the second half of the film women are represented as alternative however they take revenge from the men and they are dressed in revealing cloths. This makes the friends afraid that they are going to get killed by the females so they try to run away from the females. This therefore shows that women are seen as alternative as they are not stereotypically portrayed to be stronger than men.
A patriarchal society is a society dominated by males. I don't think we live in a patriarchal society because there are some places where women are dominating men.
Laura Mulvey’s ‘male gaze’ theory argues that audiences look at films in two ways- voyeuristically and fetishistically. Cinema audiences watch a film without being watched by the characters on screen and usually in a darkened cinema so other audience members do not observe them either. Therefore they are almost voyeurs, watching the people on screen. This can lead to two effects:
Objectification of female characters in relation to this controlling (male) gaze
Narcissistic identification with an ideal image seen onscreen
Also Laura Maulvey says that female characters must be glamorous and attractive but are there only in supporting roles (the princess according to prop) and therefore are on screen as ‘eye candy’ to appease the male gaze of the (male audience)
Judith Butler believes that people are able to manipulate gender boundaries. This means that we as individuals can choose what gender we want to be, whether to be traditional (heterosexual) or not. Also she says that gender is not some inner truth but the presence of received meaning. And gender is not fixed but constructed. For example, music artists who often construct complex gender ideologies as part of their image –Modonna has constructed images which are expressly feminine, overtly masculine and less extreme over her career. Also Eddie Izzard and David Beckham both use feminine gender identity at times as part of their image, presenting less conventional ideologies to their audience. To change gender Sigourney Weaver shaved her head completely and was filmed in a far more male.
David Gauntlet believes that the expectations of gender today are flexible (girl power). This means that gender roles are more complex, as he points out that female role models today are often glamorous as well as successful (ally McBeal) in a way that previously they were not. This has all happened because of girl power as identities have been made through music artists such as destiny child as well as contemporary actresses.
Femme fatale is a woman who is considered to be dangerously seductive whose charms ensnare her lovers in bonds of irresistible desire, often leading them into compromising, dangerous, and deadly situations. This type of character was first seen in the film ‘Noir’.
In the TV programme ‘Desperate Housewives’ there is a dominant and alternative ideology presented of females. Bree is a housewife and mother; this makes her to be represented as dominant as females are stereotypically seen to be housewives, as well as mothers. She is damaged, imperfect woman who will stop at nothing to protect her family and friends. This reflects back at her ethnicity being white Christian. Gabby is a beauty queen who wears revealing cloths and is a sexual object for everyone. She knows exactly what she wants in life and will stop at nothing to get what she wants. This represents a dominant ideology of female as they are seen to be beautiful, portrayed as a sex object etc. Gaby's husband Carlos provided her with a luxurious lifestyle as he is a rich business man. This portrays a dominant ideology of men as they are stereotypically seen to be rich businessmen etc.
Gender is a way of subordinating women because the mass media promote the ideology that women exist mostly for men to look at, as women are usually over sexualised. There is also an ideology of women having roles of being a housewives, this is seen in advertisements: such as, a women is cooking and she is positioned below the man this therefore suggests that women are alternative and men are dominant.
Gender can have a negative impact on men because the mass media promotes the ideology that men are portrayed to be active, competitive, domineering and authoritative. This therefore stresses men to act and look in a certain way and if they do not behave or look in how a stereotypical man should be than they are pointed at and are therefore not considered as a man.
Ashes to ashes is misogynistic and this is shown a lot of times for example, in the police station there are all males working and there is one female working and they treat her like a servant. Also the part where Gene Hunt sasy 'Blimey, if that skirt was hitched any higher I could see what you had for breakfast'. This shows that he thinks women are sex objects and this is implied frequently throughout the text.
Doghouse represent women in the first half of the film as dominant towards men, as they are treated as sexual objects this therefore encourages men to be portrayed as misogynistic. As Neil (Danny Dyer) is misogynistic in the film as he forgets the names of women he's slept with. This shows that the men treat women as sexual objects and that they are worth nothing- that they come and go. In the second half of the film women are represented as alternative however they take revenge from the men and they are dressed in revealing cloths. This makes the friends afraid that they are going to get killed by the females so they try to run away from the females. This therefore shows that women are seen as alternative as they are not stereotypically portrayed to be stronger than men.
A patriarchal society is a society dominated by males. I don't think we live in a patriarchal society because there are some places where women are dominating men.
Laura Mulvey’s ‘male gaze’ theory argues that audiences look at films in two ways- voyeuristically and fetishistically. Cinema audiences watch a film without being watched by the characters on screen and usually in a darkened cinema so other audience members do not observe them either. Therefore they are almost voyeurs, watching the people on screen. This can lead to two effects:
Objectification of female characters in relation to this controlling (male) gaze
Narcissistic identification with an ideal image seen onscreen
Also Laura Maulvey says that female characters must be glamorous and attractive but are there only in supporting roles (the princess according to prop) and therefore are on screen as ‘eye candy’ to appease the male gaze of the (male audience)
Judith Butler believes that people are able to manipulate gender boundaries. This means that we as individuals can choose what gender we want to be, whether to be traditional (heterosexual) or not. Also she says that gender is not some inner truth but the presence of received meaning. And gender is not fixed but constructed. For example, music artists who often construct complex gender ideologies as part of their image –Modonna has constructed images which are expressly feminine, overtly masculine and less extreme over her career. Also Eddie Izzard and David Beckham both use feminine gender identity at times as part of their image, presenting less conventional ideologies to their audience. To change gender Sigourney Weaver shaved her head completely and was filmed in a far more male.
David Gauntlet believes that the expectations of gender today are flexible (girl power). This means that gender roles are more complex, as he points out that female role models today are often glamorous as well as successful (ally McBeal) in a way that previously they were not. This has all happened because of girl power as identities have been made through music artists such as destiny child as well as contemporary actresses.
Femme fatale is a woman who is considered to be dangerously seductive whose charms ensnare her lovers in bonds of irresistible desire, often leading them into compromising, dangerous, and deadly situations. This type of character was first seen in the film ‘Noir’.
In the TV programme ‘Desperate Housewives’ there is a dominant and alternative ideology presented of females. Bree is a housewife and mother; this makes her to be represented as dominant as females are stereotypically seen to be housewives, as well as mothers. She is damaged, imperfect woman who will stop at nothing to protect her family and friends. This reflects back at her ethnicity being white Christian. Gabby is a beauty queen who wears revealing cloths and is a sexual object for everyone. She knows exactly what she wants in life and will stop at nothing to get what she wants. This represents a dominant ideology of female as they are seen to be beautiful, portrayed as a sex object etc. Gaby's husband Carlos provided her with a luxurious lifestyle as he is a rich business man. This portrays a dominant ideology of men as they are stereotypically seen to be rich businessmen etc.
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